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References and Sources

Buffers at Work: Controlling pH

1

OpenStax Chemistry 2e, Chapter 14: Acid-Base Equilibria

https://openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/14-introduction
3

Pearson Education: Buffers Explained, Definition and Examples

https://www.pearson.com/channels/intro-to-chemistry/learn/jules/14-acids-and-bases/buffers
5

Project 2 Guide and Student Checklist (Class handouts)

Class handout (no online link)

Data and Graphs Disclaimer

All graphs and data were generated for this project using Python with matplotlib. The acid dataset is provided in the Data section of the main page. The base dataset is a simulated dataset created for visualization purposes. Experimental data is based on a simulated acetic acid-acetate buffer system.

AI Usage Disclosure

We used Claude AI to redesign and enhance our original presentation slides, expand content, integrate our graphs with proper formatting, and develop speaker scripts. We also used Claude Opus 4 to develop and animate our project website. All experimental design, data generation, graph creation, original slides, original website content, research, and scientific analysis were completed by our team.

© 2025 Abdur-Rahman Bilal, Abdullah Saleh, Adam Bourraman. All rights reserved.